Patrón Espacial de Especies Arbóreas de Importancia Ecológica y Su Relación Con La Altitud, La Pendiente y La Precipitación en Bosques Húmedos Tropicales Del Pacífico Colombiano
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
Descripción
Identificar los factores y mecanismos que promueven y mantienen la alta diversidad y los patrones de distribución espacial de las especies de plantas en los bosques tropicales, ha sido objeto de debates y discusiones. Así, el presente estudio evalúa el efecto de la topografía (altitud, pendiente) y la precipitación (precipitación promedio anual, número de días de precipitación) sobre el patrón espacial de especies arbóreas de importancia ecológica. Para ello se emplearon los datos generados del censo de especies arbóreas (DAP > 10 cm) en once parcelas permanentes cuadradas de una hectárea establecidas por USAID-CONIF en el 2014 en las localidades de Chontadural- Mutatá (Antioquia), Pizarro, Río Pepé, Cantón San Pablo (Chocó), Bahía Málaga, Bajo Calima, Río Cajambre (Buenaventura), Acapa y Bajo Mira – Frontera (Nariño). Se seleccionaron las especies con mayor valor de importancia ecológica - IVI, más abundantes y con presencia en al menos dos parcelas. Para identificar el patrón de distribución espacial (aleatorio, agregado, disperso) de las especies seleccionadas, se emplearon las funciones L(d) de K-Ripley, G(r) de distribución de distancias al vecino más cercano, g(r) de correlación par, la varianza relativa (VR) y el coeficiente de variación (CV). Para cuantificar el efecto de la altitud, la pendiente, la precipitación y los días de precipitación promedio anual sobre los patrones de distribución identificados en cada especie, se empleó la regresión logística binomial. De 602 especies registradas en los censos, fueron seleccionadas siete (Brosimum utile, Campnosperma panamense, Oenocarpus bataua, Pourouma bicolor, Pentaclethra macroloba, Symphonia globulifera y Welfia regia y) por presentar mayores valores de importancia ecológica entre 1.09 y 2.30 y estar representadas en al menos dos parcelas. Para estas especies se identificó el patrón aleatorio y agregado sin predominio de alguno de estos. En la correlación de las abundancias de las especies y los factores ecológicos evaluados, la precipitación promedio anual y el número de días de precipitación promedio anual no presentaron relación; mientras que la altitud y la pendiente presentaron relaciones significativas negativas con la abundancia de seis de las siete especies seleccionadas (C. panamense, O. bataua, P. macroloba, P. bicolor, S. globulifera y W. regia). Por último, los modelos de regresión logística binomial mostraron que los patrones de distribución en agregados de las especies analizadas, presentaron mayor relación con la altitud y la pendiente principalmente, con probabilidades de riesgo positivas o negativas de que se presente este patrón agregado de acuerdo a la especie. Estos resultados cobran importancia ya que indican que la estructura de las poblaciones (abundancia y patrones de distribución) de las especies con mayor peso ecológico identificadas en los bosques húmedos tropicales del Pacífico Colombiano, depende de las variables topográficas altitud y pendiente. Así, en las medidas de conservación de estas especies (especialmente de aquellas con alguna categoría de amenaza), se debe tener en cuenta la inclusión de la mayor heterogeneidad ambiental posible dentro de las áreas protegidas.
Identifying the factors and mechanisms that promote and maintain the high diversity and patterns of spatial distribution of plant species in tropical forests, has been the subject of debate and discussion. Thus, the present study evaluates the effect of topography (altitude, slope) and precipitation in the spatial pattern of tree species of ecological importance. For this purpose, the data generated from the census of tree species (DBH> 10 cm) were used in eleven permanent plots of one hectare established by USAID-CONIF in 2014 in the towns of Chontadural- Mutatá (Antioquia), Pizarro, Río Pepé, Canton San Pablo (Chocó), Bahía Málaga, Bajo Calima, Cajambre River (Buenaventura), Acapa and Bajo Mira - Frontera (Nariño). The species with the highest value of ecological importance (IVI), most abundant and with presence in at least two plots, were selected. In order to identify the spatial distribution pattern (random, aggregate, dispersed) of the selected species, the functions L (d) of K-Ripley, G (r) of distance distribution to the nearest neighbor, g Pair correlation and coefficient of variation (CV). The binomial logistic regression was used to quantify the effect of altitude, slope, precipitation and average annual precipitation days on the distribution patterns identified in each species. Of the 602 species registered in the censuses, seven were selected (Brosimum utile, Camnosperma panamense, Pourouma bicolor, Pentaclethra macroloba, Symphonia globulifera, Welfia regia and Oenocarpus bataua) for presenting higher values of ecological importance between 1.09 and 2.30 and being represented in at least of the parcels. For these species the random and aggregate pattern was identified without any predominance of these. In the correlation of the abundances of the species and the ecological factors evaluated, the average annual precipitation and the number of days of average annual precipitation were not related; While the altitude and slope had significant negative relationships with the abundance of six of the seven species selected (C. panamense, O. bataua, P. macroloba, P. bicolor, S. globulifera and W. regia). Finally, binomial logistic regression models showed that the aggregate distribution patterns of the analyzed species had a higher relationship with altitude and slope mainly, with positive or negative risk probabilities of this aggregate pattern being presented according to the species. These results are important since they indicate that the structure of the populations (abundance and distribution patterns) of the species with greater ecological weight identified in the tropical humid forests of the Colombian Pacific, depends on the topographic variables, altitude and slope. Thus, in the conservation measures of these species (especially those with some category of threat), the inclusion of the greatest possible environmental heterogeneity within the protected areas must be taken into account.
USAID-BIOREDD+ Seccional Colombia
Identifying the factors and mechanisms that promote and maintain the high diversity and patterns of spatial distribution of plant species in tropical forests, has been the subject of debate and discussion. Thus, the present study evaluates the effect of topography (altitude, slope) and precipitation in the spatial pattern of tree species of ecological importance. For this purpose, the data generated from the census of tree species (DBH> 10 cm) were used in eleven permanent plots of one hectare established by USAID-CONIF in 2014 in the towns of Chontadural- Mutatá (Antioquia), Pizarro, Río Pepé, Canton San Pablo (Chocó), Bahía Málaga, Bajo Calima, Cajambre River (Buenaventura), Acapa and Bajo Mira - Frontera (Nariño). The species with the highest value of ecological importance (IVI), most abundant and with presence in at least two plots, were selected. In order to identify the spatial distribution pattern (random, aggregate, dispersed) of the selected species, the functions L (d) of K-Ripley, G (r) of distance distribution to the nearest neighbor, g Pair correlation and coefficient of variation (CV). The binomial logistic regression was used to quantify the effect of altitude, slope, precipitation and average annual precipitation days on the distribution patterns identified in each species. Of the 602 species registered in the censuses, seven were selected (Brosimum utile, Camnosperma panamense, Pourouma bicolor, Pentaclethra macroloba, Symphonia globulifera, Welfia regia and Oenocarpus bataua) for presenting higher values of ecological importance between 1.09 and 2.30 and being represented in at least of the parcels. For these species the random and aggregate pattern was identified without any predominance of these. In the correlation of the abundances of the species and the ecological factors evaluated, the average annual precipitation and the number of days of average annual precipitation were not related; While the altitude and slope had significant negative relationships with the abundance of six of the seven species selected (C. panamense, O. bataua, P. macroloba, P. bicolor, S. globulifera and W. regia). Finally, binomial logistic regression models showed that the aggregate distribution patterns of the analyzed species had a higher relationship with altitude and slope mainly, with positive or negative risk probabilities of this aggregate pattern being presented according to the species. These results are important since they indicate that the structure of the populations (abundance and distribution patterns) of the species with greater ecological weight identified in the tropical humid forests of the Colombian Pacific, depends on the topographic variables, altitude and slope. Thus, in the conservation measures of these species (especially those with some category of threat), the inclusion of the greatest possible environmental heterogeneity within the protected areas must be taken into account.
USAID-BIOREDD+ Seccional Colombia
Palabras clave
Teoría de Nicho, Indice de Valor de Importancia, Funcion L(d), Función G(r), Función de Correlación Par g(r), Regresión Logística Binomial, MAESTRÍA EN MANEJO, USO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL BOSQUE - TESIS Y DISERTACIONES ACADÉMICAS, BOSQUES TROPICALES - COLOMBIA, FITOGEOGRAFÍA, ECOLOGÍA FORESTAL, Niche Theory, Value of Significance Index, Function L(d), Function G(r), Correlation Function Pair g (r), Binomial Logistic Regression