Potencialidad de Uso de la Madera de 15 Especies Forestales, Procedentes de la Uof Yarí-Caguán, Departamento de Caquetá
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El estudio de las propiedades físico - mecánicas y uso posible de 15 especies forestales en la Unidad de Ordenación Forestal Yarí – Caguán, Municipio de Cartagena del Chaira (Caquetá), se realizó mediante el contrato interadministrativo Nº 536 de 2014 celebrado entre la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas y la Corporación para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Sur de la Amazonia (CORPOAMAZONIA), con el objetivo de determinar las propiedades físico - mecánicas de quince (15) especies forestales y establecer su uso más adecuado para así contribuir con el manejo y uso sostenible de este recurso forestal maderable.
La Unidad de Ordenación Forestal (UOF) Yarí - Caguán, se encuentra localizada en los municipios de Cartagena del Chaira y San Vicente del Caguán, departamento de Caquetá (Colombia). El estudio comprendió un muestreo en campo a fin de identificar las especies seleccionadas, la obtención de muestras debidamente orientadas y clasificadas por medio de un muestreo sistemático para realizar las pruebas físico mecánicas de la madera de las especies: Guarango (Parkia nitida), Pelacara (Clarisia racemosa), Guamo Cerindo (Inga nobilis), Amarillo (Endlicheria sp.), Fono Negro (Eschweilera albiflora), Arenillo (Qualea acuminata), Chocho (Hymenolobium cf. petraeum), Amarillo (Ocotea cf. myriantha, Nectandra cf. membranacea, Aniba panurensis), Sangretoro (Virola pavonis), Fono Colorado (Eschweilera parvifolia), Aguarráz (Ocotea cf. cymbarum), Tamarindo (Hymenaea oblongifolia), Vara Blanca (Croton matourensis), Puchico o Algarrobillo (Dialium guianense) y Avichure (Qualea paraensis).
Las pruebas de laboratorio se realizaron en el laboratorio de maderas de la Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas de Bogotá. Los métodos de laboratorio se realizaron siguiendo las normas de la American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), Comité Panamericano de Normas Técnicas (COPANT), la Norma ISO y la Norma Técnica Colombiana (NTC). El análisis e interpretación de resultados se realizó mediante la aplicación de programas estadísticos SPSS v. 20 y RWizard 2.2. La definición de usos potenciales se realizó mediante la adaptación de la metodología propuesta por Klinger & Talero, (2001).
Como resultados del estudio se obtuvieron setenta y un (71) usos potenciales para las 15 especies, agrupados en cuatro unidades. (i) Grupo de especies de madera liviana (V. pavonis, P. nitida, C. matourensis y Q. paraensis) se asociaron usos de poca transformación como huacales, encofrados, aisladores y otros de transformación de mejor acabado como maquetas y modelos para fundición. (ii) Grupo de especies de la familia Lauraceae (Endlicheria sp, A. panaurensis, O. myriantha, N. membranaceae), maderas livianas a medianamente pesadas, presentaron usos como balsas, muebles y alma de tableros enlistonados. (iii) Grupo de las especies Inga nobilis, Qualea acuminata, Ocotea cf. cymbarum, Clarisia racemosa e Hymenolobium cf. petraeum, en este grupo se diferenciaron características físicas de la madera como dirección del grano y textura, que determinaron el subgrupo de torneado y tallado como muebles, artesanías, culatas para armas, instrumentos musicales, y el subgrupo de madera de construcción. (iv) Grupo de especies de madera con densidades altas (E. parviflora, E. albiflora, D. guianense e H. oblongifolia), en donde se destacaron los usos de tráfico pesado como pisos, durmientes, armazones en general estructura de buques y otros que se relacionan con la manufactura como quillas y arcos para violines.
The study of the physical - mechanical properties and possible use of fifteen (15) forest species in the Forest Management Unit (FMU) Yarí – Caguán in the municipal district of Cartagena del Chairá (Caquetá), it was developed by the administrative contract N º 536 of 2014 signed between Francisco José de Caldas Public University and Sustainable Development of Southern Amazonia Corporation (CORPOAMAZONIA), with the aim to determine the physico - mechanical properties of fifteen (15) forest species and establish the proper use to contribute to the sustainable management and use of forest resources. The Forest Management Unit (FMU) Yarí – Caguán, located in the municipal District of Cartagena of Chairá and San Vicente of Caguán, department of Caquetá Colombia. The study included a field sampling in order to identify the selected species, obtaining samples rightly oriented and sorted out through systematic sampling to perform the physical and mechanical tests in the wood species: Guarango (Parkia nitida) Pelacara (Clarisia racemosa.), Guamo Cerindo (Inga nobilis.), Amarillo (Endlicheria sp.), Fono Negro (Eschweilera albiflora), Arenillo (Qualea acuminata), Chocho (Hymenolobium cf. petraeum), Amarillo (Ocotea cf. myriantha, Nectandra cf. membranacea, Aniba panurensis), Sangretoro (Virola pavonis), Fono Colorado (Eschweilera parvifolia), Aguarráz (Ocotea cf. cymbarum), Tamarindo (Hymenaea oblongifolia), Vara Blanca (Croton matourensis), Puchico o Algarrobillo (Dialium guianense) y Avichure (Qualea paraensis). Laboratory tests were performed in the wood’s Laboratory in the Environment and Natural resources Faculty at the Francisco Jose de Caldas Public University of Bogota. The laboratory methods were made following the rules of the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), The Pan American Commission of Technical Standards (COPANT), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Colombian Technical Standards (NTC). The analysis and interpretation of results were done by applying statistical programs SPSS v. 20 and RWizard 2.2. The definition of potential usages was based on the methodology proposed by Klinger and Talero, (2001). The findings of this study are: seventy one (71) potential uses for the fifteen species, grouped in four units. (i) Species group of light wood (V. pavonis, P.nitida, C.matourensis y Q.paraensis) they are used for applications such as huacales, formwork, insulators and others as models or foundry models. (ii) Species group of Lauraceae family (Endlicheria sp, A. panaurensis, O. myriantha, N. membranaceae), lightweight woods to moderately heavyweight, these were used to make: rafts, furniture and boards.(iii) Species group Inga nobilis, Qualea acuminata, Ocotea cf. cymbarum, Clarisia racemosa e Hymenolobium cf. petraeum, in this group was possible identify differences in the physical wood characteristics such as: direction of grain and texture, which stablished the turning and carving subgroup like furniture, crafts, butts for guns, musical instruments, and the subgroup of building wood (iv) Species group of high density wood (E. parviflora, E. albiflora, D. guianense e H.oblongifolia), some of these usages are: heavy traffic floors, wooden frames for Ships and others related to violins raw materials.
CORPOAMAZONIA
The study of the physical - mechanical properties and possible use of fifteen (15) forest species in the Forest Management Unit (FMU) Yarí – Caguán in the municipal district of Cartagena del Chairá (Caquetá), it was developed by the administrative contract N º 536 of 2014 signed between Francisco José de Caldas Public University and Sustainable Development of Southern Amazonia Corporation (CORPOAMAZONIA), with the aim to determine the physico - mechanical properties of fifteen (15) forest species and establish the proper use to contribute to the sustainable management and use of forest resources. The Forest Management Unit (FMU) Yarí – Caguán, located in the municipal District of Cartagena of Chairá and San Vicente of Caguán, department of Caquetá Colombia. The study included a field sampling in order to identify the selected species, obtaining samples rightly oriented and sorted out through systematic sampling to perform the physical and mechanical tests in the wood species: Guarango (Parkia nitida) Pelacara (Clarisia racemosa.), Guamo Cerindo (Inga nobilis.), Amarillo (Endlicheria sp.), Fono Negro (Eschweilera albiflora), Arenillo (Qualea acuminata), Chocho (Hymenolobium cf. petraeum), Amarillo (Ocotea cf. myriantha, Nectandra cf. membranacea, Aniba panurensis), Sangretoro (Virola pavonis), Fono Colorado (Eschweilera parvifolia), Aguarráz (Ocotea cf. cymbarum), Tamarindo (Hymenaea oblongifolia), Vara Blanca (Croton matourensis), Puchico o Algarrobillo (Dialium guianense) y Avichure (Qualea paraensis). Laboratory tests were performed in the wood’s Laboratory in the Environment and Natural resources Faculty at the Francisco Jose de Caldas Public University of Bogota. The laboratory methods were made following the rules of the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), The Pan American Commission of Technical Standards (COPANT), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Colombian Technical Standards (NTC). The analysis and interpretation of results were done by applying statistical programs SPSS v. 20 and RWizard 2.2. The definition of potential usages was based on the methodology proposed by Klinger and Talero, (2001). The findings of this study are: seventy one (71) potential uses for the fifteen species, grouped in four units. (i) Species group of light wood (V. pavonis, P.nitida, C.matourensis y Q.paraensis) they are used for applications such as huacales, formwork, insulators and others as models or foundry models. (ii) Species group of Lauraceae family (Endlicheria sp, A. panaurensis, O. myriantha, N. membranaceae), lightweight woods to moderately heavyweight, these were used to make: rafts, furniture and boards.(iii) Species group Inga nobilis, Qualea acuminata, Ocotea cf. cymbarum, Clarisia racemosa e Hymenolobium cf. petraeum, in this group was possible identify differences in the physical wood characteristics such as: direction of grain and texture, which stablished the turning and carving subgroup like furniture, crafts, butts for guns, musical instruments, and the subgroup of building wood (iv) Species group of high density wood (E. parviflora, E. albiflora, D. guianense e H.oblongifolia), some of these usages are: heavy traffic floors, wooden frames for Ships and others related to violins raw materials.
CORPOAMAZONIA